Wireless sensing and communication have become integral components of modern life. Among them, the key technology of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, which utilizes array signal processing techniques to measure the angular direction of RF signals, has been widely applied in both civilian and military domains.Wireless sensing and communication have become integral components of modern life. Among them, the key technology of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, which utilizes array signal processing techniques to measure the angular direction of RF signals, has been widely applied in both civilian and military domains.Electronics & Semiconductors[#item_full_content]