Optical tactile sensors are gaining significant attention as next-generation biometric recognition technologies. Capable of analyzing dynamic forces from a single image, these sensors transcend the limitations of existing optical systems, creating potential applications in diverse fields, such as handwriting emotion analysis, surface characterization, and anti-counterfeiting measures.Optical tactile sensors are gaining significant attention as next-generation biometric recognition technologies. Capable of analyzing dynamic forces from a single image, these sensors transcend the limitations of existing optical systems, creating potential applications in diverse fields, such as handwriting emotion analysis, surface characterization, and anti-counterfeiting measures.Engineering[#item_full_content]