As of the end of 2022, the Chinese high-speed railway network had surpassed 40,000 kilometers. However, the rapid expansion of this railway system has presented significant challenges to its operational department. Unforeseen external and internal factors can lead to deviations from the scheduled arrival and departure times of trains.As of the end of 2022, the Chinese high-speed railway network had surpassed 40,000 kilometers. However, the rapid expansion of this railway system has presented significant challenges to its operational department. Unforeseen external and internal factors can lead to deviations from the scheduled arrival and departure times of trains.Automotive[#item_full_content]