In recent years, pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) have emerged as promising actuators for simulating human-like movements, with prominent applications in various industries including robotics, rehabilitation, and prosthetics. PAMs are usually composed of rubber and covered with braided yarn and can mimic the mechanics of human muscles. They can stiffen and contract on being supplied with pressurized air and soften and lengthen upon releasing the air. However, PAM is a nonlinear system and experiences huge latency, making it important to have control systems that can regulate their performance.In recent years, pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) have emerged as promising actuators for simulating human-like movements, with prominent applications in various industries including robotics, rehabilitation, and prosthetics. PAMs are usually composed of rubber and covered with braided yarn and can mimic the mechanics of human muscles. They can stiffen and contract on being supplied with pressurized air and soften and lengthen upon releasing the air. However, PAM is a nonlinear system and experiences huge latency, making it important to have control systems that can regulate their performance.[#item_full_content]