System reliability and safety are paramount across industries such as semiconductors, energy, automotive, and steel, where even microscopic cracks or defects within structures can critically affect performance. Since these internal flaws are invisible to the naked eye, the health of materials and structures has long been assessed using non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques. NDT allows the examination of internal conditions without damaging the structure itself. However, in practice, it remains extremely difficult to identify internal defects precisely and in detail.System reliability and safety are paramount across industries such as semiconductors, energy, automotive, and steel, where even microscopic cracks or defects within structures can critically affect performance. Since these internal flaws are invisible to the naked eye, the health of materials and structures has long been assessed using non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques. NDT allows the examination of internal conditions without damaging the structure itself. However, in practice, it remains extremely difficult to identify internal defects precisely and in detail.Engineering[#item_full_content]