While the class imbalance issue has been extensively investigated within the multi-class paradigm, its study in the multi-dimensional classification (MDC) context has been limited due to the imbalance shift phenomenon. A sample’s classification as a minor or major class instance becomes ambiguous when it belongs to a minor class in one labeling dimension (LD) and a major class in another.While the class imbalance issue has been extensively investigated within the multi-class paradigm, its study in the multi-dimensional classification (MDC) context has been limited due to the imbalance shift phenomenon. A sample’s classification as a minor or major class instance becomes ambiguous when it belongs to a minor class in one labeling dimension (LD) and a major class in another.[#item_full_content]