Consensus problems, where a group of agents, such as unmanned vehicles, machines, or robots, need to agree on certain variables only through local communication within themselves, have attracted considerable attention as a fundamental issue in cooperative control of multi-agent systems. Simply put, a multi-agent system comprises multiple decision-making agents that interact among themselves in a common environment to achieve common or conflicting goals depending on the situation.Consensus problems, where a group of agents, such as unmanned vehicles, machines, or robots, need to agree on certain variables only through local communication within themselves, have attracted considerable attention as a fundamental issue in cooperative control of multi-agent systems. Simply put, a multi-agent system comprises multiple decision-making agents that interact among themselves in a common environment to achieve common or conflicting goals depending on the situation.[#item_full_content]