Metal additive manufacturing (AM), widely regarded as a revolution in modern manufacturing for its ability to produce lightweight and geometrically complex components, has long faced a critical barrier to widespread adoption: microscopic internal defects that are invisible to the naked eye yet significantly compromise structural integrity.Metal additive manufacturing (AM), widely regarded as a revolution in modern manufacturing for its ability to produce lightweight and geometrically complex components, has long faced a critical barrier to widespread adoption: microscopic internal defects that are invisible to the naked eye yet significantly compromise structural integrity.Engineering[#item_full_content]