As cities continue to expand, railways are expected to become an important component of urban mobility systems. Compared with automobiles and air transport, railways are highly energy efficient and produce relatively low environmental impacts and therefore form an important component of sustainable transportation systems. Thus, researchers have been exploring advanced train control technologies for further improvement of operational efficiency, passenger comfort and punctuality while reducing energy consumption.As cities continue to expand, railways are expected to become an important component of urban mobility systems. Compared with automobiles and air transport, railways are highly energy efficient and produce relatively low environmental impacts and therefore form an important component of sustainable transportation systems. Thus, researchers have been exploring advanced train control technologies for further improvement of operational efficiency, passenger comfort and punctuality while reducing energy consumption.Automotive[#item_full_content]