Natural language processing (NLP), a branch of artificial intelligence, enables computers to understand and generate human language. Large language models (LLMs) now power everyday applications such as chatbots, virtual assistants and translation tools. Despite these advances, modern NLP systems still face important challenges, including protecting user privacy, adapting to changing environments and operating efficiently on resource-limited devices.Natural language processing (NLP), a branch of artificial intelligence, enables computers to understand and generate human language. Large language models (LLMs) now power everyday applications such as chatbots, virtual assistants and translation tools. Despite these advances, modern NLP systems still face important challenges, including protecting user privacy, adapting to changing environments and operating efficiently on resource-limited devices.Machine learning & AI[#item_full_content]